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There are 644 books in our Physics category. You may refine your search by selecting a sub-category under "Physics" in the listing on the left.

Stumpf, Carl. Tonspsychologie. Leipzig: S. Hirzel, 1883, 1890. 1st edition. 2 volumes, 425+582pp Oblong 4to Library cloth. Very good condition. b. April 21, 1848, Wiesentheid, Lower Franconia, Bavaria [Germany] d. Dec. 25, 1936, Berlin German philosopher and theoretical psychologist noted for his research on the psychology of music and tone. Stumpf was influenced at the University of Würzburg by the philosopher Franz Brentano, founder of act psychology, or intentionalism. Appointed lecturer (Privatdozent) at the University of Göttingen in 1870, he wrote his first important work, Über den psychologischen Ursprung des Raumvorstellung ("The Psychological Origins of Space Perception") three years later and soon thereafter was appointed professor at the University of Würzburg. In 1875 he began experiments for his Tonpsychologie, 2 vol. (1883-90; "Tone Psychology"), completed in the course of professorships at the Universities of Prague (1879), Halle (1884), and Munich (1889). This work was important not only for reporting the results of his experiments but also for revising concepts of psychophysics, which attempts to make quantitative measurements of physical stimuli and the sensations they produce. In 1894 Stumpf entered the most influential phase of his career as professor of philosophy and director of the institute of experimental psychology at the Friedrich-Wilhelm University, Berlin. Continuing his research on tone psychology, he founded the journal Beiträge zur Akustik und Musikwissenschaft ("Contributions to Acoustics and Musicology") in 1898 and in 1900 established an archive of primitive music. He was also a cofounder of the Berlin society for child psychology (1900). In two important papers of 1907 he stressed that the experimental study of sensory and imaginal experience (e.g., images, sounds, colours) is antecedent to the study of mental functions (e.g., perceiving, willing, desiring). Thus he drew into psychology his own version of phenomenology, the philosophy that concentrates on the examination of conscious phenomena. Until Stumpf's retirement from Berlin in 1921 his institute had numerous students who later developed an experimental phenomenology. (Ency Brit) And from Boring: (Stumpf's) psychophysics is to be found mostly in the first volume of the Tonpsychologie. In this volume also is his doctrine of attention and his discussion of other general topics like practice, fatigue, analysis, comparison and surrogation. The second volume deals with the combinations of tones and thus reports the results of Stumpf´s famous experiments on tonal fusion, historically the most important item in the two volumes. These experiments Stumpf, still lacking laboratory aquipment, was able to perform on the cathedral organ at Halle. (Boring). (Book ID 20171) $650.00

(Hertz), (Heinrich). The Work of Hertz, by Prof. Oliver Lodge. London: 1894. 1st edition. Nature, June 7, 1894 Pp 121-144 Wrappers. Fine condition. We offer the weekly issue for 7 June 1894, with the long Lodge appreciation occupying pp 133-139, or roughly 4000 words or so. Lodge's paper is taken from his lecture to the Royal Society of 1 June, six months after the early death of Hertz. From Wiki: "Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (February 22, 1857 – January 1, 1894) was the German physicist and mechanician for whom the hertz, an SI unit, is named. In 1888, he was the first to satisfactorily demonstrate the existence of electromagnetic waves by building an apparatus to produce and detect VHF or UHF radio waves. Another of his important contributions was to the field of contact deformation and mechanics." (Book ID 23171) $100.00

(Hertz), Heinrich. The Work of Hertz, by Oliver J. Lodge.. London: Nature, 1894. 1st edition. Nature: weekly issue for 7 June 1894 8vo. Wrappers. This is the original weekly issue, removed from a larger, bound collection (and so with evidence of the removal at the spine), with the scarce original outer wrappers. Lodge writes an appreciation and intellectual review of Hertz' work just 6 months after his death. Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (February 22, 1857 - January 1, 1894) was the German physicist and mechanician for whom the hertz, an SI unit, is named. In 1888, he was the first to satisfactorily demonstrate the existence of electromagnetic waves by building an apparatus to produce and detect UHF radio waves. Another of his important contributions was to the field of contact deformation and mechanics. (Book ID 22841) $250.00

Adler, K.. Study of Nuclear Structure by Electromagnetic Excitations with Accelerated Ions. Lancaster Pa: American Physical Society, 1956. 1st edition. Reviews of Modern Physics 28/4 4to. Original printed wrappers. Good or better condition. Written with A. Bohr, T. Huus, B. Mottelson and A. Winther. Huge contribution occupying pp 432-542 (of 363-542 of the issue). ALSO: Foundations of Thermodynamics, by P. T. Landsberg pp. 363-392; Linear-System Integral Transform Relations, J. Ross Macdonald and Malcolm K. Brachman, pp. 393-422; Experimental Single-Particle Level Spacings in the Region of the 1f7 / 2 Shell, Rudi H. Nussbaum pp. 423-431; Study of Nuclear Structure by Electromagnetic Excitation with Accelerated Ions, K. Alder, A. Bohr, T. Huus, B. Mottelson, and A. Winther pp. 432-542. (Book ID 22565) $95.00

Aharonov and D. Bohm, Significance of Electromagnetic Potentials in the Quantum Theory. 1959. 1st edition. The Physical Review, vol 115, pg 485, 1959. Fine condition. We offer the scarce original in its original wrappers--this is Bohm's most frequently cited paper. The following is taken directly from the AIP's magisterial POROLA website: "In this paper, we discuss some interesting properties of the electromagnetic potentials in the quantum domain. We shall show that, contrary to the conclusions of classical mechanics, there exist effects of potentials on charged particles, even in the region where all the fields (and therefore the forces on the particles) vanish. We shall then discuss possible experiments to test these conclusions; and, finally, we shall suggest further possible developments in the interpretation of the potentials." (Book ID 22929) $450.00

Airy, Hubert. Pendulum Autographs I and II. London: Nature, 1871. 1st edition. Nature, a Weekly Illustrated Journal of the Sciences 8vo. We offer the complete two-part paper by Dr. Hubert Airy on the images described by a pendulum in action. It turns out that Airy affixed a glass pen to the bob of the pendulum and allowed the pendulum to act, the pen then recording beautiful figures of the movements. This is a fairly-well referenced experiment, at least in the late 19thc natural physics circles. It also turns out that Dr. Airy was a "migraneur", suffering, experimenting and studying the nature of the migraine headache.+++ The following definition of harmonigrapohs is supplied by Robert Whitaker ( Department of Physics, Astronomy, and Materials Science, Southwest Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri): "Mechanical devices that undergo various kinds of repetitive motion and which draw the curves produced from this motion are known as "harmonographs." One such class of these devices are those that operate by means of pendulum action. These devices range from modifications of a simple pendulum to various physical and compound pendulums. This paper traces the history of the development of this class of apparatus." ©2001 American Association of Physics Teachers. (Book ID 22922) $300.00

Ampere, Phenomenes electro-dynamiques. Paris: Bulletin des Sciences par la Societe Philomatique de Pa, 1816-1824. 1st edition. Bulletin des Sciences par la Societe Philomatique de Paris Royal 8vo. Cloth and boards. Bulletin des Sciences par la Societe Philomatique de Paris, 1824. Imprimerie de Plassan, 1824. Sm 4to, 192pp. Linen-backed marbled boards. Few marks from the University of Michigan library. The Bulletin Philomatique was an early and advanced reprint journal, republishing in extract form important contributions in astronomy, physics, mathematics, geology, chemistry, zoology and more. These three volumes contain a number of very early and significant contributions, perhaps the most important of which is the effort by Ampere, the full account of which would be published in a 200-page paper in 1826. Ampere, Phenomenes electro-dynamiques (pp 79-86) Becquerel Electricite dans les actions chimiques Becquerel, Actios electro-mortices… Becquerel, Actions electrometrices au contact des metauxet des liquids… Fresnel, Contract des cristeaux par la chaleur Fresnel, Direction des axes de double refraction dans les cristaux Fresnel, Eclairage des phares Poison, Theorie du magnetisme Poison, Distribution de l’electricite dans une sphere With many other constributions including those by Cuachy, Puissant, Davy, Arago, etc. Bulletin des Sciences par la Societe Philomatique de Paris, 1824. Imprimerie de Plassan, 1816. Sm 4to, 202pp. Linen-backed marbled boards. Few marks from the University of Michigan library. Biot. Sur la loi de Newton, relative a la communication de la chaleur. Biot. Researche sur la diffraction de la lumiere Laplace. Sur la longueur du pendale a secondes Laplace. Supplement a la theorie analytique des probabilities Poison. Sur le calcul des variations relativement aux integrals multiples…. With 2 dozen other articles. Bulletin des Sciences par la Societe Philomatique de Paris, 1824. Imprimerie de Plassan, 1818. Sm 4to, 192pp. Linen-backed marbled boards. Few marks from the University of Michigan library. Biot (6 articles) Fourrier. Mmeoire sur le movement des fluide3s elastiques …. Fourrier. Question d’analyse algebraique. La Place. Sur la figure de terre et la loi de peasanteur sa surface… Poisson. Sur l’integrasle de l’equation relative aux vibrations… With several dozen other articles. (Book ID 22775) $1,250.00

Ballot, Buijs (Buys). Akustische Versuche auf der Niederlandischen Eisenbahnm nebst gelegenlichen Bemerkungen zur Theorie des Hrn Prof. Doppl. Annalen der Physik, Annalen der Physik, series II, vol 66, no. 11 The crowning of the Doppler Effect. We offer the entire volume (volume 66) containing the important paper by Ballot, which occupies pp 321-351. This is the earliest experimental confirmations of Doppler's (Christian Johann Doppler (probably Döppler; 1803-1853)) epochal key-to-the-universe paper of 1842. +++I quote liberally from "The Schwartzlist", and internet site kept by Gary Schwartz of the Netherlands: "When he took his degree in 1844, Buys Ballot criticized Doppler's paper in a stelling, one of the concise statements that accompany the dissertation proper in Dutch universities. However, he was intrigued by Doppler's relation of movement to wavelength, and began looking for a way of testing it. When he did, it was not for the color of light, but the tone of sound. Sound too, Doppler had reasoned, being a wave, the same effect should prevail. The tone of a sound should be higher when source and observer are approaching each other and lower when the distance between them is increasing. Being more of an experimenter than a theoretician, Buys Ballot would not accept this without a demonstration. With the gracious cooperation of the railways, he was able to organize one between Utrecht and Maarssen."+++ "Because no instruments existed for the measuring of tones, Buys Ballot had to rely on the human ear. Gathering a group of Utrechters with recognized sensitivity to pitch, he placed them along the tracks for one part of the experiment and on a riding train for another. The source of sound was a professional musician blowing a g from the moving train or from the ground as the train passed. The observers were asked to quantify the distance from g of the sounds they heard. In two days of experimentation (3 and 5 June 1845), conducted at various speeds, Buys Ballot was able to prove the existence of the Doppler effect, which he then reduced to a formula. Although neither he nor Doppler could think of a practical application for this phenomenon, it has turned out to be immensely useful in fields as different as air traffic control and larval biology. " The optical Ballot effect wasn't observed until 1905 by Joahhnes Stark. +++ AND this from http://mysite.du.edu/~jcalvert/phys/doppler.htm:...."The optical Doppler effect was not observed until 1905, when J. Stark found that the light emitted by canal rays, which are fast ions from the cathode of a glow discharge, was Doppler-shifted by the expected amount. Stellar spectra frequently show Doppler shifts, from which the relative velocity in the line of sight can be determined, a very useful quantity, and double star orbits can be studied. The red shift of the light from distant galaxies is also famous, and is usually interpreted as due to a recessional velocity increasing linearly with distance, though the argument is in danger of being a circular one. The Doppler effect broadens the spectral lines of atoms as a result of their random thermal velocities. It also has an important application in surveying by means of satellite radio signals." (Book ID 22915) $2,000.00

Bardeen, J. Physical Principles Involved in Transistor Action. Lancaster, Pa: Physical Review, 1949. 1st edition. The Physical Review, Vol 75, Second Series, No. 8 8vo. Printed wrappers. Fine condition. This is the entire green-wrappered issue for April 15, 1949; work for which Bardeen shared the Nobel Prize for physics in 1972. Save for a little wear and a pinhole in the spine, this is a fine (+) copy--really a nice, bright copy of a significant and important paper by Bardeen and Brattain. ///*** The American Physical Society abstract for this article, from the APS website: The transistor in the form described herein consists of two point-contact electrodes, called emitter and collector, placed in close proximity on the upper face of a small block of germanium. The base electrode, the third element of the triode, is a large area, low resistance contact on the lower face. Each point contact has characteristics similar to those of the high back-voltage rectifier. When suitable d.c. bias potentials are applied, the device may be used to amplify a.c. signals. A signal introduced between the emitter and base appears in amplified form between collector and base. The emitter is biased in the positive direction, which is that of easy flow. A larger negative or reverse voltage is applied to the collector. Transistor action depends on the fact that electrons in semiconductors can carry current in two different ways: by excess or conduction electrons and by defect "electrons" or holes. The germanium used is n-type, i.e., the carriers are conduction electrons. Current from the emitter is composed in large part of holes, i.e., of carriers of opposite sign to those normally in excess in the body of the block. The holes are attracted by the field of the collector current, so that a large part of the emitter current, introduced at low impedance, flows into the collector circuit and through a high impedance load. There is a voltage gain and a power gain of an input signal. There may be current amplification as well. The influence of the emitter current, Ie, on collector current, Ic, is expressed in terms of a current multiplication factor, ÃŽÂ±, which gives the rate of change of Ic with respect to Ie at constant collector voltage. Values of ÃŽÂ± in typical units range from about 1 to 3. It is shown in a general way how ÃŽÂ± depends on bias voltages, frequency, temperature, and electrode spacing. There is an influence of collector current on emitter current in the nature of a positive feedback which under some operating conditions may lead to instability. The way the concentrations and mobilities of electrons and holes in germanium depend on impurities and on temperature is described briefly. The theory of germanium point contact rectifiers is discussed in terms of the Mott-Schottky theory. The barrier layer is such as to raise the levels of the filled band to a position close to the Fermi level at the surface, giving an inversion layer of p-type or defect conductivity. There is considerable evidence that the barrier layer is intrinsic and occurs at the free surface, independent of a metal contact. Potential probe tests on some surfaces indicate considerable surface conductivity which is attributed to the p-type layer. All surfaces tested show an excess conductivity in the vicinity of the point contact which increases with forward current and is attributed to a flow of holes into the body of the germanium, the space charge of the holes being compensated by electrons. It is shown why such a flow is to be expected for the type of barrier layer which exists in germanium, and that this flow accounts for the large currents observed in the forward direction. In the transistor, holes may flow from the emitter to the collector either in the surface layer or through the body of the germanium. Estimates are made of the field produced by the collector current, of the transit time for holes, of the space charge produced by holes flowing into the collector, and of the feedback resistance which gives the influence of collector current on emitter current. These calculations confirm the general picture given of transistor action. (Book ID 20757) $1,750.00

Bartky, Walter. Paths of Charged Particles in Electric and Magnetic Fields. APS, 1929. The Physical Review, 33/6, June 1929. Original printed wrappers. Very good condition. It should be remembered that the man Fermi was reporting to in Chicago during the War was Dean Walter Bartky. The following abstract is from the APS PROLA website URL: http://link.aps.org/abstract/PR/v33/p1019: "A combination of electric and magnetic fields is described which is suitable for positive-ray analysis experiments, or precise determinations of the ratio of charge to mass. The orbits of charged particles in the radial electric field and transverse magnetic field of the system are computed, and it is shown that a beam of rays of various velocities diverging from a point are brought to a focus provided the variations are not too large. Formulas are given for computing the errors introduced by variations in direction and velocity. ©1929 The American Physical Society (Book ID 23051) $100.00

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