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Quick Search: (Enter name, year, or keyword) SAMPLE PREVIEW OF CALENDAR ENTRIES: History of Science Women in Medicine and Science History of Mathematics History of Chemistry |
Chronology of the History of Science |
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1942 AD |
Enrico Fermi, the first self sustaining fission reaction
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1942 AD |
Grote Reber, radio map of the sky
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1943 AD |
Sin-Itiro Tomonaga publishes his paper on the basic physical principles of quantum electrodynamics
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Burnell,
Jocelyn Bell Born: 7/15/1943 |
1943 AD | |
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1943 AD |
Oppenheimer placed in charge of Manhattan Project.
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1943 AD |
Project Whirlwind, an analog flight simulator, is begun at M.I.T.
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1943 AD |
In Britain, the Colossus computer is completed and set to work breaking German codes
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1943 AD |
Howard Aiken and staff at IBM's Endicott Labs complete the Harvard Mark 1, an automatic digital sequence-controlled computer.
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1943 AD |
HENRIK CARL PETER DAM for his discovery of vitamin K.& EDWARD ADELBERT DOISY for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K.
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1943 AD |
Sakata, Inoue, theory of pion decay to muons
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1943 AD |
Ernest Stueckelberg, renormalisation of QED
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1943 AD |
The US government funds Mauchly and Eckert and work begins on the ENIAC (Electrical Numerical Integrator and Calculator)
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1944 AD |
Grace Murray Hopper starts a distinguished career in the computer industry by being the first programmer for the Mark I.
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1944 AD |
JOSEPH ERLANGER and HERBERT SPENCER GASSER for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres.
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1944 AD |
Von Braun,
Von Braun develops V-2 rocket.
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1944 AD |
The Harvard Mark I, designed and built by Howard Aiken and his team of engineers, becomes operational.
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1944 AD |
The first tests of ENIAC. The US government extends funding to cover research on the EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Computer), a stored program computer.
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1944 AD |
Onsager,
Lars Onsager publishes the exact solution to the two-dimensional Ising model
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1944 AD |
Seaborg, James, Morgan, Ghiorso, Thompson, elements 95; americium, 96; curium
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1944 AD |
Aiken,
Mark I (IBM ASCC) is completed, based on the work of Professor Howard H. Aiken at Harvard and IBM. It is a relay-based computer.
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1944 AD |
Lars Onsager, general theory of phase transitions
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1944 AD |
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1944 AD |
Leprince-Ringuet and Lheritier, the K+ found in cosmic rays
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1944 AD |
Colossus Mark II is built in England.
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1944 AD |
Hopper,
Grace Murray Hopper starts a distinguished career in the computer industry by being the first programmer for the Mark I.
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1944 AD |
Colossus Mark II is built in England.
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1945 AD |
The ENIAC is alive and well.
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1945 AD |
World enters nuclear age at Alamogordo on July 16.
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1945 AD |
Robert Oppenheimer et al, atomic bomb
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1945 AD |
first electronic computer ENIAC
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1945 AD |
John von Neumann paper describes stored-program concept for EDVAC.
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1945 AD |
Zuse completes his Z4
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1945 AD |
The first computer "bug" is found in the Harvard Mark I by Grace Murray Hopper. It is a moth which got into one of the relays and caused it to fail.
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1945 AD |
Vannevar Bush's prophetic essay, As We May Think, is published in the Atlantic Monthly.
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1945 AD |
Eastman Kodak C¦, +tats-Unis. DYE TRANSFER, dTcharge de colorant
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1945 AD |
SIR ALEXANDER FLEMING , SIR ERNST BORIS CHAIN and LORD HOWARD WALTER FLOREY for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases.
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1946 AD |
The public gets its first glimpse of the ENIAC in Philadelphia on Valentines Day
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1946 AD |
Physicists realize that the cosmic ray particle thought to be Yukawa's meson is instead a "muon," the first particle of the second generation of matter particles to be found. This discovery was completely unexpected -- I.I. Rabi comments "who ordered that?" The term "lepton" is introduced to describe objects that do not interact too strongly (electrons and muons are both leptons).
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1946 AD |
James Hey Discovery of radio source Cygnus A
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1946 AD |
George Gamow Cold big bang model
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1946 AD |
Bloch and Purcell Nuclear magnetic resonance
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1946 AD |
Bloch and Purcell Nuclear magnetic resonance
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1946 AD |
Term bit for binary digit is used for first time by John Tukey.
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1946 AD |
Binac (Binary Automatic Computer), the first computer to operate in real time, is started by Eckert and Mauchly; it is completed in 1949.
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1946 AD |
Physicists realize that the cosmic ray particle thought to be Yukawa's meson is instead a "muon," the first particle of the second generation of matter particles to be found. This discovery was completely unexpected -- I.I. Rabi comments "who ordered that?" The term "lepton" is introduced to describe objects that do not interact too strongly (electrons and muons are both leptons).
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1946 AD |
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), with 18,000 vacuum tubes, is dedicated at the University of Pennsylvania. It was 8 by 100 feet and weighed 80 tons. It could do 5,000 additions and 360 multiplications per second.
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1946 AD |
Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation is formed as the Electronic Control Co. to design a Universal Automatic Computer (Univac).
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1946 AD |
Term bit for binary digit is used for first time by John Tukey.
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1946 AD |
Gamow proposed the Big Bang hypothesis.
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1946 AD |
The University of Pennsylvania developed the ENIAC computer, containing 18,000 vacuum tubes
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1946 AD |
Binac (Binary Automatic Computer), the first computer to operate in real time, is started by Eckert and Mauchly; it is completed in 1949.
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1946 AD |
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), with 18,000 vacuum tubes.
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1946 AD |
Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation is formed as the Electronic Control Co. to design a Universal Automatic Computer (Univac).
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1946 AD |
Herman (CPL Irwin?) Goldstine invents flowcharts
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1946 AD |
HERMANN JOSEPH MULLER for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation.
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1947 AD |
Hartland Snyder, quantised space-time
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1947 AD |
Kusch and Folley, measurement of the anomolous magnetic moment of the electron
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1947 AD |
Hans Bethe, renormalisation of Lamb shift calculation
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1947 AD |
Willis Lamb, fine structure of hydrogen spectrum, the Lamb shift
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1947 AD |
Powell, Occhialini, negative pion found
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1947 AD |
Cecil Powell, C.M.G. Lattes, and G.P.S. Occhialini discover the pi-meson by studying cosmic ray tracks
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1947 AD |
CARL FERDINAND CORI and GERTY THERESA CORI nTe RADNITZ for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen. & BERNARDO ALBERTO HOUSSAY for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar.
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1947 AD |
Alan M. Turing publishes an article on Intelligent Machinery which launches artificial intelligence.
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1947 AD |
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) is formed.
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1947 AD |
A meson that does interact strongly is found in cosmic rays, and is determined to be the pion.
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1947 AD |
Physicists develop procedures to calculate electromagnetic properties of electrons, positrons, and photons. Introduction of Feynman diagrams.
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1947 AD |
W. F. Libby invented radiocarbon dating
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1947 AD |
Researchers at Bell Labs invented the transistor
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1947 AD |
Discovery of the pion (predicted b Yukawa in 1935)
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1947 AD |
Alan M. Turing publishes an article on Intelligent Machinery which launches artificial intelligence.
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1947 AD |
Denis Gabor, theory of holograms
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1947 AD |
Willis Lamb and Robert Retheford measure the Lamb-Retheford shift
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1947 AD |
Hartmut Kallman, scintillation counter
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1947 AD |
Richard Feynman presents his propagator approach to quantum electrodynamics
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1947 AD |
The transistor is invented by William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain at Bell Labs
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1947 AD |
Howard Aiken and his team finish work on the Harvard Mark II
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1947 AD |
The ENIAC is moved to Aberdeen Proving Grounds
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1947 AD |
Maurice V. Wilkes begins work on the EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer) at Cambridge University
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1947 AD |
Powell discovers pi meson.
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1947 AD |
A meson that does interact strongly is found in cosmic rays, and is determined to be the pion.
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1947 AD |
Claude Shannon, information theory
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1947 AD |
Conversi, Pancini, Piccioni, indication that the muon is not the mediator of the strong force
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1947 AD |
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) is formed.
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1948 AD |
IBM builds the Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC), a computer with 12,000 tubes.
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1948 AD |
Transistor is invented by William Bradford Shockley with John Bardeen and Walter H. Brattain.
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1948 AD |
Tomonaga, Schwinger, Feynman, renormalisation of QED
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1948 AD |
Alpher and Herman, prediction of cosmic background radiation
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1948 AD |
Bondi, Gold, Hoyle, steady state theory of the universe
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1948 AD |
Goldhaber and Goldhaber, experimental proof that beta particles are electrons
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1948 AD |
Richard Feynman, path integral approach to quantum theory
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1948 AD |
Bardeen, Brattain, Shockley, semi-conductors and transistors
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1948 AD |
Snell and Miller, Decay of the neutron
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1948 AD |
Freeman Dyson, Equivalence of Feynman and Schwinger-Tomonaga
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1948 AD |
Hendrik Casimir, Theory of Casimir force
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1948 AD |
PAUL HERMANN M_LLER for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arth ropods.
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1948 AD |
EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator) is developed at the University of Cambridge by Maurice V. Wilkes.
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1948 AD |
Hendrik Casimir predicts a rudimentary attractive Casimir force on a parallel plate capacitor
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1948 AD |
IBM builds the Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC), a computer with 12,000 tubes.
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1948 AD |
Bardeen, Brattain and Shockley construct the first transistor.
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1948 AD |
The Berkeley synchro-cyclotron produces the first artificial pions.
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