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Quick Search: (Enter name, year, or keyword) SAMPLE PREVIEW OF CALENDAR ENTRIES: History of Science Women in Medicine and Science History of Mathematics History of Chemistry |
Chronology of the History of Science |
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1957 AD |
Honeywell joins with Raytheon to ship the Datamatic 1000.
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1957 AD |
John Wheeler discusses the breakdown of classical general relativity near singularities and the need for quantum gravity
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1957 AD |
John Wheeler discusses the breakdown of classical general relativity near singularities and the need for quantum gravity
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1957 AD |
The first artificial satellite, Sputnik, put into earth orbit
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1957 AD |
Julian Schwinger, Sidney Bludman, and Sheldon Glashow, in separate papers, suggest that all weak interactions are mediated by charged heavy bosons, later called W+ and W-. Actually, it was Yukawa who first discussed boson exchange twenty years earlier, but he proposed the pion as the mediator of the weak force. (1957 - 1959)
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1958 AD |
Van Allen discovers earth surrounded by belts of radiation.
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1958 AD |
Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments makes the first integrated circuit.
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1958 AD |
Seymour Cray builds the first fully transistorized supercomputer for Control Data Corp., the CDC 1604
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1958 AD |
Marcus Sparnaay experimentally confirms the Casimir effect
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1958 AD |
Commercial transistor computers make their first appearance
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1958 AD |
The UNIVAC Solid State 80 and the Philco S-2000 are introduced, beginning the second generation of electronic computers
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1958 AD |
The ALGOL 58 programing language is developed
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1958 AD |
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1958 AD |
Mossbauer shows it is possible to produce "recoilless" gamma rays.
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1958 AD |
Jack StClair Kilby and Robert Noyce of Texas Instruments develop the first integrated circuit (IC) or chip, which is a collection of miniature transistors
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1958 AD |
LISP is developed on the IBM 704 at MIT under John McCarthy.
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1958 AD |
GEORGE WELLS BEADLE and EDWARD LAWRIE TATUM for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events. & JOSHUA LEDERBERG for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria.
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1958 AD |
First virtual memory machine, Atlas, is installed in England by Feranti. It was developed at the University of Manchester by R.M. Kilburn.
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1958 AD |
Rudolf Mossbauer finds the Mossbauer crystal recoil effect
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1958 AD |
First electronic computers are built in Japan by NEC
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1958 AD |
Frank Rosenblatt builds the Perceptron Mark I using a CRT as an output device.
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1958 AD |
LISP is developed on the IBM 704 at MIT under John McCarthy.
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1958 AD |
Frank Rosenblatt builds the Perceptron Mark I using a CRT as an output device.
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1958 AD |
Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments makes the first integrated circuit.
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1958 AD |
U.S. Congress established NASA
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1958 AD |
First virtual memory machine, Atlas, is installed in England by Feranti. It was developed at the University of Manchester by R.M. Kilburn.
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1958 AD |
First electronic computers are built in Japan by NEC the NEC-1101 and -1102.
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1958 AD |
Seymour Cray builds the first fully transistorized supercomputer for Control Data Corp., the CDC 1604.
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1958 AD |
ALGOL, first called IAL (International Algebraic Language), is presented in Zurich.
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1959 AD |
The Harvard Mark 1 is shut down
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1959 AD |
Both Fairchild Semiconductor and Texas Instruments announce the independent development of the integrated circuit (IC)
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1959 AD |
Fairchild Semiconductor files a patent for the planar process for manufacturing transistors which makes commercial production of transistors possible.
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1959 AD |
Robert Noyce of Fairchild builds an integrated circuit based on silicon, with metal conductors, transistors and resistors
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1959 AD |
John McCarthy develops the programming language LISP
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1959 AD |
Japan's NEC Corporation introduces their first commercial transistor computer, the NEAC 2201
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1959 AD |
General Electric introduces the GE ERMA, the first machine to process checks encoded with magnetic ink characters
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1959 AD |
IBM announces the IBM 1401 computer
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1959 AD |
This year marks the beginning of the second generation of computers - those which use transistors rather than tubes
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1959 AD |
Xerox introduces the first commercial copy machine
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1959 AD |
IBM ships its first transistorized, or second generation, computers, the 1620 and 1790.
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1959 AD |
SEVERO OCHOA and ARTHUR KORNBERG for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxiribonucleic acid.
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1959 AD |
COBOL is defined by the Conference on Data System Languages (Codasyl), based on Grace Hoppers Flow-Matic.
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1959 AD |
First packaged program is sold by Computer Science Corporation.
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1959 AD |
RCA introduces the 501 computer. It is supplied with the new COBOL (COmmon Business Oriented Language) programming language
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1959 AD |
IBM introduces the 1401. Over 10,000 units will be delivered during its lifetime.
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1959 AD |
Yakir Aharonov and David Bohm predict the Aharonov-Bohm effect
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1959 AD |
Jack S. Kilby at Texas Instruments files a patent for the first integrated circuit.
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1959 AD |
Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor develops the monolithic idea for integrated circuits.
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1959 AD |
COBOL is defined by the Conference on Data System Languages (Codasyl), based on Grace Hoppers Flow-Matic
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1959 AD |
First packaged program is sold by Computer Science Corporation.
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1959 AD |
IBM introduces the 1401. Over 10,000 units will be delivered during its lifetime.
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1959 AD |
IBM ships its first transistorized, or second generation, computers, the 1620 and 1790.
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1959 AD |
Jack S. Kilby at Texas Instruments files a patent for the first integrated circuit.
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1959 AD |
First unmanned spacecraft hit the moon (Soviet Union)
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1959 AD |
Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor develops the monolithic idea for integrated circuits.
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1960 AD |
Remington Rand introduces the Livermore Advanced Research Computer (LARC) for use in scientific research. It uses 60,000 transistors
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1960 AD |
Robert Pound and Glen Rebka test the gravitational redshift predicted by the equivalence principle to approximately 1%
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1960 AD |
Benjamin Curley develops the first minicomputer, the PDP-1, at Digital Equipment Corporation.
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1960 AD |
Robert Pound and Glen Rebka test the gravitational redshift predicted by the equivalence principle to approximately 1%
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1960 AD |
R.G. Chambers experimentally confirms the Aharonov-Bohm effect
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1960 AD |
IBM introduces the IBM 360, developed by Gene Amdahl
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1960 AD |
Ken Olsen, founder of DEC, introduces the PDP-1, the first computer with a keyboard and a monitor. It is priced at US$120,000
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Glaser,
Nobel Prize for Physics, 1960.
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1960 AD | |
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1960 AD |
The Algol 60 programming language is developed
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1960 AD |
Robert Pound and Glen Rebka test the gravitational redshift predicted by the equivalence principle to approximately 1%
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Glaser,
Donald Born: 1928 Nobel Prize for Physics, 1960. For the invnetion of the bubble chamber. |
1960 AD | |
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1960 AD |
DEC introduces the PDP-8, the first mass produced minicomputer at the unheard-of low price of $20.0000
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1960 AD |
SIR FRANK MACFARLANE BURNET and SIR PETER BRIAN MEDAWAR for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance.
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1960 AD |
Control Data Corporation delivers its first product, a large scientific computer named the CDC 1604.
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1960 AD |
DEC ships the first small computer, the PDP-1.
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1960 AD |
Control Data Corporation delivers its first product, a large scientific computer named the CDC 1604.
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1960 AD |
COBOL runs on UNIVAC II and RCA 501.
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1960 AD |
Removable disks first appear.
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1960 AD |
Benjamin Curley develops the first minicomputer, the PDP-1, at Digital Equipment Corporation.
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1960 AD |
First electronic switching central office becomes operational in Chicago.
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1960 AD |
Removable disks first appear.
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1960 AD |
Maiman invented the ruby laser
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1960 AD |
Javan invented the helium neon laser
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1960 AD |
Goodall studied chimpanzees in Tanzania
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1960 AD |
Development and approval of the birth control pill
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1960 AD |
COBOL runs on UNIVAC II and RCA 501.
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1960 AD |
DEC ships the first small computer, the PDP-1.
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1960 AD |
First electronic switching central office becomes operational in Chicago.
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1961 AD |
Robert Dicke argues that carbon-based life can only arise when the Dirac large numbers hypothesis is true because this is when burning
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1961 AD |
As the number of known particles keep increasing, a mathematical classification scheme to organize the particles (the group SU(3)) helps physicists recognize patterns of particle types.
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1961 AD |
Gagarin first man to fly in space.
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1961 AD |
IBM unveils the 7030 computer which is 30 times faster than its predecessor, the 704. The race for speed and power is on.
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1961 AD |
The first robotic manufacturing device is patented by Georg C. Devol. It is used to automate manufacturing TV tubes.
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1961 AD |
Robert Hofstadter Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer
1/2 of the prize 1/2 of the prize
USA Federal Republic of Germany
Stanford University
Stanford, CA, USA Technical University
Munich, Federal Republic of Germany; California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Pasadena, CA, USA
b. 1915
d. 1990 b. 1929
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1961 AD |
Multiprogramming runs on Stretch computer. Time-sharing runs at MIT on IBM 709 and 7090 computers by F. Corbato.
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1961 AD |
MIT's Fernando Corbato develops a way for computer users to share computer time
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1961 AD |
AFIPS (American Federation of Information Processing Societies) forms.
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1961 AD |
Fairchild releases the first commercially produced integrated circuit.
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1961 AD |
IBM delivers the Stretch computer to Los Alamos. This transistorized computer with 64-bit data paths is the first to use eight-bit bytes; it remains operational until l971.
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1961 AD |
As the number of known particles keep increasing, a mathematical classification scheme to organize the particles (the group SU(3)) helps physicists recognize patterns of particle types.
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1961 AD |
AFIPS (American Federation of Information Processing Societies) forms.
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1961 AD |
Multiprogramming runs on Stretch computer. Time-sharing runs at MIT on IBM 709 and 7090 computers by F. Corbato.
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1961 AD |
IBM delivers the Stretch computer to Los Alamos. This transistorized computer with 64-bit data paths is the first to use eight-bit bytes; it remains operational until l971.
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1961 AD |
Murray Gell-Mann and Yuval Ne'eman discover the Eightfold Way patterns---SU(3) group
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1961 AD |
Jeffery Goldstone considers the breaking of global phase symmetry
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