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Quick Search: (Enter name, year, or keyword) SAMPLE PREVIEW OF CALENDAR ENTRIES: History of Science Women in Medicine and Science History of Mathematics History of Chemistry |
Chronology of the History of Science |
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3000 BCE |
Dust abacus is invented, probably in Babylonia.
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Imhotep,
Born: 2635 Died: 2595 Poet, architect and physician-priest; vizier and high priest of Ptah during the reign of Djoser I. |
2635 BCE |
Related Links: http://touregypt.net/who/imhotep.htm http://emuseum.mnsu.edu/prehistory/egypt/history/people/imhotep.html http://this.com/imhotep.htm# http://classes.yale.edu/hsar112a/pga071.html http://www.uh.edu/admin/engines/epi1074.htm |
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c. 2600 BCE |
Imhotep,
Imhotep lives in Egypt, designs step pyramid at Sakkara. Many other achievements attributed to him.
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c. 1800 BCE |
Babylonian mathematician develops algorithms to resolve numerical problems.
Related Links: http://www.math.tamu.edu/~don.allen/history/babylon/babylon.html |
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1650 BCE |
Ahmose,
Ahmose, Egyptian scribe, writes Directions for Attaining Knowledge of All Dark Things, a text which deals with the solutions of many simple equations such as finding volumes and areas.
Related Links: http://www.sienahts.edu/~jmiller/egypt.html http://home.clara.net/beaumont/egypt/index.htm http://www.thekeep.org/~kunoichi/kunoichi/themestream/egypt_maths.html |
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al-Tusi,
Nasir al-Din Born: 2/18/1201 Died: 6/26/1274 |
1201 BCE |
Related Links: http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Al-Tusi_Nasir.html http://216.230.204.167/islam/Sience/Scentists/tusi.html |
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c. 600 BCE |
Anaximander,
Anaximander introduces sundial to Greece, is first person to attempt to draw map of world, believes world is made of apeiron, a word meaning infinite. Thales predicts an eclipse of the moon, generalizes Egyptian geometry, invents deductive mathematics, studies magnetism and states that fundamental material of universe is water.
Related Links: http://plato.evansville.edu/public/burnet/ch1b.htm#13 |
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c. 535 BCE |
Anaximenes,
Anaximenes believes air the fundamental element
Related Links: http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/a/anaximen.htm |
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c. 530 BCE |
Pythagoras,
Pythagoras developed mathematical theory
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c. 520 BCE |
Xenophanes,
Xenophanes believes earth is the fundamental element and that the mountains were originally covered by the seas
Related Links: http://tinyurl.com/e22oh |
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c. 500 BCE |
Pythagoras,
Pythagoras flourishes in Greece and southern Italy. Founds mystery cult unique in its emphasis on mathematics, including belief that the whole universe rested on numbers. Heraclitus says the only permanent thing is change, hence fire is the fundamental element. Hanno, a Carthaginian, is perhaps the first person to sail around Africa.
Related Links: http://tinyurl.com/budpc |
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c. 500 BCE |
Anaximenes,
Anaximenes introduced the ideas of condensation and rarefaction
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500 BCE |
Bead and wire abacus originates in Egypt
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450 BCE |
Anaxagoras,
Anaxagoras believes earth and stars created of identical materials
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c. 450 BCE |
Anaxgoras,
Anaxagoras proposed the first clearly materialist philosophy the universe is made entirely of matter in motion
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420 BCE |
Democritus,
Democritus develops first atomic theory
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400 BCE |
Ideas about physics remain in fashion for almost two thousand years
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c. 370 BCE |
Democritus, Leucippus,
Leucippus and Democritus proposed that matter is made of small, indestructible particles
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335 BCE |
Aristotle,
Aristotle established the Lyceum; studied philosophy, logic, science
Related Links: http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/images/platoaristo.jpg |
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300 BCE |
Aristarchus,
Aristarchus attempts to measure distances from earth to moon and to sun, but large experimental error causes him to be wrong by factor of twenty. Euclid writes The Elements, still the standard in geometry
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c. 300 BCE |
Euclid,
Euclid wrote "Elements", a treatise the center of the solar system
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250 BCE |
Archimedes,
Archimedes, the greatest scientist of ancient times, develops principles of density, buoyancy, simple machines and much else
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240 BCE |
Eratosthenes,
Eratosthenes, librarian at Alexandria, determines that the Earth is a sphere with a circumference of about 25,000 miles
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50 AD |
Hero,
Hero, Greek engineer, builds first steam engine and many other devices.
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60 AD |
Hero,
Hero of Alexandria writes Metrica Mechanics and Pneumatics
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80 AD |
The Antikythera Device, a bronze mechanical lunar month calculator, is constructed in Greece
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150 AD |
Ptolemy,
Ptolemy places earth at center of universe with planets and sun moving around it. Publishes Megale mathematike syntaxis, generally known as the Almagest, a star catalog
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190 AD |
Chinese mathematicians calculated pi to five decimal places
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200 AD |
Saun-pan computing tray is used in China; soroban computing tray used in Japan
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271 AD |
Chinese mathematicians invented the magnetic compass
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415 AD |
A mob of rioters burned down the Library of Alexandria, and much of the recorded knowledge of the western world was lost
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Boethius,
Born: c. 480 Died: 10/23/526 |
480 AD |
Related Links: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02610b.htm |
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Alcuin,
Born: c. 735 Died: 5/19/804 |
736 AD |
Related Links: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01276a.htm |
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750 AD |
Geber,
Geber, at height of Arab empire, adds sulfur and mercury to the list of elements
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830 AD |
Al-khwarizmi,
Al-khwarizmi introduces zero to west
Related Links: http://users.erols.com/zenithco/khawariz.html |
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c. 1000 AD |
Gunpowder and firework signals
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1000 AD |
Gerbert of Aurillac/Pope Slvester II,
Gerbert of Aurillac or Pope Sylvester II devises a more efficient abacus
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1000 AD |
Magnifying lens
Related Links: http://www.eye.utmem.edu/history/glass.html |
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1000 AD |
Viking longboat
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1000 AD |
Cam (wooden gears)
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1025 AD |
Understanding of how the eye sees
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1038 AD |
Alhazen,
THe idea of the camera obscura described first by the Arabian Scholar Hassan ibn Hassan (or Ibn Al-Haitham, generally known by his LAtinized name, ALhazen). This precedes by some time those who were thought to have described the instrument first--Roger Bacon, Alberi, Leonardo, and della Porta.
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1040 AD |
Movable type
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Khayyam,
Omar Born: 5/15/1048 |
1048 AD | |
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1060 AD |
Monk tries human-powered flight from monastery tower Eilmer
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1077 AD |
Fork Byzantium
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1088 AD |
Magnetic needle compass
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1100 AD |
Chinese junk with batten sails
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c. 1100 AD |
Sultan of Baghdad,
Carrier pigeons Sultan of Baghdad
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c. 1100 AD |
Smoke signals
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1101 AD |
Henry I,
Standard yard Henry I
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1137 AD |
Flying buttresses
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1180 AD |
Sternpost rudder
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1180 AD |
Vertical sail windmill
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Ibn Rosch,
Averrhoes Died: 12/12/1198 |
1198 AD | |
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1200 AD |
Spinning wheel
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1200 AD |
Magnifying glass
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1202 AD |
Fibonacci,
Fibonacci explains use of Arabic numerals
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1202 AD |
Arabic numerals introduced to Europe
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Bacon,
Roger Born: 6/11/1214 Died: 1294 |
1214 AD | |
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1228 AD |
Coal used for heat
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1232 AD |
Rockets invented in China to defend city of Kaifeng against Mongol invaders
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1250 AD |
Screw jack
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1250 AD |
Water-powered saw
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1250 AD |
Tinplate
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1252 AD |
Pope Innocent IV,
Pope Innocent IV approved the use of torture in witchcraft trials
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Grosseteste,
Robert Died: 10/9/1253 |
1253 AD | |
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1260 AD |
Bacon,
R. Roger Bacon calculates distance to stars as 130,000,000 miles |
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c. 1267 AD |
Bacon,
Roger. Bacon was one of the earliest to describe the camera obscura, as attested by passages in his "Perspectiva" and "dde muliplicatione specierum" (both ca. 1267). According to Gernsheim he was "well acquainted with Alhazen's works" (Origins, p 7). |
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1267 AD |
Bacon,
R. Bacon Roger. +clipses en Chambre Naturelle |
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1269 AD |
De Maricourt,
P. Pelerin de Maricourt discovers magnetic poles |
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1279 AD |
Peckham,
John. PEckham, a pupil of Roger Bacon and Archbishop of Canterbury, addresses the camera obscura in his "Perpectiva communis" of 1279. |
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1286 AD |
Eyeglasses
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1290 AD |
De Saint Cloud,
Guillaume de Saint Cloud France Chambre Claire Naturelle
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1291 AD |
Mirror
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1295 AD |
Polo,
M. Marco Polo returns to Venice after 20 years in China, introduces ice cream to Europe |
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1300 AD |
Distilled alcohol
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1300 AD |
Sulfuric acid
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c. 1300 AD |
Long-wagon passenger vehicles
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c. 1300 AD |
Lacemaking
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1304 AD |
Giotto,
Realistic depiction of a comet by Giotto
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1305 AD |
Von Freiburg,
D. Dietrich von Freiberg uses crystalline spheres and flasks filled with water to study the reflection and refraction in raindrops that |
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1316 AD |
de Luzzi,
M. First book on anatomy Mondino de Luzzi |
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1340 AD |
Ockham,
W. William of Ockham has a close shave with the Pope, states that "Entities must not needlessly be multiplied" [that is, the simplest theory explaining facts is the correct one.] |
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1348 AD |
The plague appears in Europe
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1350 AD |
Alarm clock
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c. 1370 AD |
Playing cards brought to Europe
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Oresme,
Nicole Died: 7/11/1382 |
1382 AD | |
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1390 AD |
The first paper mill begins operating in Germany
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1403 AD |
Quarantine first used
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Alberti,
Leone Born: 2/18/1404 Died: 4/25/1472 |
1404 AD | |
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1405 AD |
Wood screw
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1421 AD |
First patents
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Purbach,
Georg Born: 5/23/1423 |
1423 AD | |
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Mueller,
Regiomantanus (Johannes) Born: 6/6/1436 Died: 7/6/1476 |
1436 AD | |
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Behaim,
Martin Born: 7/29/1436 |
1436 AD | |
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1450 AD |
Closed-eye needle
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1450 AD |
Carrack ships (three masts, square and triangular sails)
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1451 AD |
Cusa,
N. Concave lenses Nicholas of Cusa |
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1452 AD |
da Vinci,
L. Leonardo da Vinci born; makes many contributions to science and art during his life. |
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